However, even though there are plenty of available practice examples indicating ways to achieve successful transfers to secondary school, positive transition remains an elusive ideal for some children and families. Research shows that transition can be tough for children who have faced difficulties at primary school, or who experience poor transition preparation and process, thereby increasing their vulnerability to poor engagement in learning at secondary school (Bishop et al., 2003; Cox & Kennedy, 2008; Galton et al., 2003; Nisbet & Entwistle, 1969; Wylie et al., 2006).

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